MCQs 2026

Sectors like heavy industry, transportation, and power generation are considered 'hard-to-abate' because their emissions are difficult to reduce through electrification alone, making them prime candidates for green hydrogen.

By developing domestic green hydrogen production, India aims to reduce its reliance on imported fossil fuels, thereby enhancing its energy security.

The cost of producing green hydrogen is currently higher than that of grey hydrogen, which is a significant barrier to its widespread adoption, despite advancements.

A key long-term goal of India's climate strategy, supported by initiatives like the Green Hydrogen Mission, is to achieve net-zero emissions by the year 2070.

Green hydrogen is specifically produced through electrolysis of water, where the electricity used comes from renewable energy sources like solar or wind power.

The technology combines advancements in material science (bio-concrete) with a deep understanding of marine biology and coral ecology to create a substrate that actively supports reef restoration.

Initial trials of the new bio-concrete technology have been conducted in the Great Barrier Reef and the Maldives, demonstrating significant improvements in coral recruitment and growth.

While coral reefs are incredibly biodiverse and provide crucial ecosystem services, their direct contribution to atmospheric oxygen production is minimal compared to phytoplankton and terrestrial plants.

The bio-concrete is engineered to be a living substrate, mimicking natural calcium carbonate and containing microbial communities that actively encourage coral larval settlement and growth, thus accelerating the reef-building process.

While other factors contribute, ocean warming leading to coral bleaching is the most significant and widespread threat to coral reefs globally, driven by climate change.