What is a significant challenge associated with the indigenous CRISPR therapy for Sickle Cell Anemia in India?
A High cost of treatment and accessibility.
B Lack of suitable patient populations for clinical trials.
C Limited availability of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing tools.
D Ethical concerns regarding germline editing.
Answer: A
While CRISPR technology itself is advancing, the complex nature of gene therapy, including ex-vivo cell manipulation and reinfusion, often leads to high treatment costs, posing a significant challenge for widespread accessibility, especially in countries like India with a large patient burden.
32.
Which of the following is a common approach in CRISPR-based gene therapy for Sickle Cell Anemia?
A Editing the gene to produce fetal hemoglobin (HbF) instead of adult hemoglobin.
B Introducing a functional copy of the faulty gene into the patient's cells.
C Silencing the gene responsible for producing abnormal hemoglobin.
D Removing the mutated gene entirely from the genome.
Answer: A
A prominent strategy involves using CRISPR to reactivate the production of fetal hemoglobin (HbF), which is naturally present in newborns and can compensate for the defective adult hemoglobin in sickle cell patients. This is often achieved by editing the BCL11A gene, a repressor of HbF.
33.
What is the primary genetic defect targeted by CRISPR therapy for Sickle Cell Anemia?
A A mutation in the gene responsible for producing hemoglobin.
B A deletion in the DNA sequence of red blood cells.
C An overproduction of white blood cells.
D A deficiency in iron absorption.
Answer: A
Sickle Cell Anemia is caused by a specific point mutation (a single nucleotide change) in the beta-globin gene (HBB), which leads to the production of abnormal hemoglobin (HbS). CRISPR therapy aims to correct this mutation.
34.
The integration of satellite networks into the Bharat 6G Testbed is expected to facilitate which of the following advanced applications?
A Enhanced drone operations and autonomous systems.
B Improved telemedicine and remote education services.
C Global IoT connectivity for smart cities and agriculture.
D All of the above
Answer: D
The integration of satellite networks with 6G is envisioned to support a wide range of advanced applications, including enhanced drone operations, improved remote services like telemedicine and education, and global IoT connectivity for various sectors.
35.
Which Indian institution is leading the development and expansion of the Bharat 6G Testbed?
A Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
B Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)
C Centre for Development of Telematics (C-DOT)
D Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)
Answer: C
The Centre for Development of Telematics (C-DOT) is a leading agency in India's efforts to develop 6G technology, including the Bharat 6G Testbed, with contributions from various other research institutions and industries.
36.
The expansion of the Bharat 6G Testbed aims to integrate satellite networks. What is a key benefit of integrating satellite communication into 6G networks?
A To reduce the overall latency of the network significantly.
B To provide ubiquitous connectivity, especially in remote and underserved areas.
C To increase the data transfer speed exclusively for terrestrial users.
D To decrease the reliance on ground-based infrastructure.
Answer: B
Integrating satellite networks into 6G aims to bridge the digital divide by providing seamless and ubiquitous connectivity, particularly in areas where terrestrial infrastructure is lacking or difficult to deploy.
37.
Which of the following instruments is NOT typically considered for integration into a Venus orbiter like Shukrayaan-1 for atmospheric studies?
A Mass Spectrometer
B Infrared Spectrometer
C Radar Altimeter
D Magnetometer
Answer: D
While magnetometers are crucial for studying planetary magnetic fields, Shukrayaan-1's primary focus is atmospheric composition and dynamics. Mass spectrometers, infrared spectrometers, and radar altimeters are key instruments for analyzing atmospheric gases, temperature profiles, and cloud structures.
38.
What is the expected altitude range for the Shukrayaan-1 orbiter around Venus?
A Low Venusian Orbit (LVO) between 100-200 km.
B Highly Elliptical Orbit (HEO) with an apogee of around 60,000 km.
C Polar Orbit at an altitude of 500 km.
D Geostationary Orbit at 35,786 km.
Answer: B
Shukrayaan-1 is planned to be placed in a Highly Elliptical Orbit (HEO) around Venus, with an apogee of approximately 60,000 km, allowing for comprehensive atmospheric studies.
39.
Which of the following is a primary scientific objective of ISRO's Shukrayaan-1 mission to Venus?
A To study the atmospheric composition and dynamics of Venus.
B To search for signs of past or present life on Venus.
C To map the surface geology and topography of Venus.
D To investigate the magnetic field of Venus.
Answer: A
Shukrayaan-1 aims to study Venus's atmosphere, including its composition, dynamics, and interaction with the solar wind. While surface mapping and life detection are potential future goals for Venus exploration, the primary focus of Shukrayaan-1 is atmospheric research.
40.
Which of the following is a prominent global agency that often releases GDP growth forecasts for India?
A World Health Organization (WHO)
B International Monetary Fund (IMF)
C United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
D International Labour Organization (ILO)
Answer: B
The IMF, along with other institutions like the World Bank and rating agencies, regularly publishes economic outlook reports that include GDP growth projections for major economies like India.
